Research Case Studies
Real-world examples of Claude Code in academic research workflows - from raw data to publication
Research Case Studies
See Claude Code in action with complete academic workflows. These aren't toy examples—they're the kinds of tasks that eat up your research time.
Case Study 1: From Raw Data to Publication Figure
Scenario: You have messy field data and need a publication-ready figure for a journal submission deadline.
The Problem
Raw data: 847 observations across 12 sitesIssues: Mixed date formats, missing values coded differently, outliersDeadline: Reviewer comments due in 3 daysThe Workflow
Step 1: Assess the mess
claude "Read data/field_observations.csv and give me a data quality report:- Missing values by column- Date format inconsistencies- Potential outliers- Any obvious data entry errors"Claude examines your data and returns:
Data Quality Report for field_observations.csv: MISSING VALUES:- temperature: 23 missing (2.7%)- salinity: 8 missing (0.9%)- depth: 0 missing- species_count: 45 missing (5.3%) ← mostly from Site_07 DATE ISSUES:- Rows 1-234: MM/DD/YYYY format- Rows 235-847: YYYY-MM-DD format- 3 rows have "unknown" as date OUTLIERS (>3 SD):- temperature: 2 values (89°C, 91°C) ← likely Fahrenheit not Celsius- species_count: 1 value (9,847) ← likely typo, check field notes RECOMMENDATIONS:1. Convert temperature outliers: (F-32)*5/92. Investigate Site_07 missing species counts3. Standardize dates to ISO formatStep 2: Clean with audit trail
claude "Create a cleaning script that:1. Fixes the issues you identified2. Logs every change made (row, column, old value, new value)3. Saves cleaned data with '_cleaned' suffix4. Generates a cleaning report I can include in supplementary materials Use pandas. Make it reproducible."Step 3: Generate the figure
claude "Create a publication-ready figure showing:- Species count by site (x-axis) vs temperature (y-axis)- Color by depth category (shallow/medium/deep)- Include regression line with 95% CI- Error bars showing standard error Style requirements:- 300 DPI for print- Sans-serif fonts (Nature style)- Colorblind-friendly palette- Panel dimensions: 180mm x 120mm Save as both PNG and PDF."Time Comparison
| Task | Traditional | With Claude Code | |------|-------------|------------------| | Data quality assessment | 45 min | 3 min | | Cleaning script | 2-3 hours | 15 min | | Publication figure | 1-2 hours | 10 min | | Total | 4-5 hours | ~30 min |
Case Study 2: Responding to Reviewer 2
Scenario: Reviewer 2 wants a sensitivity analysis you didn't plan for. Your co-author's original analysis code is... creative.
The Problem
"The authors should test whether their results are robust to excluding the three sites with incomplete temporal coverage. Additionally, a bootstrap analysis would strengthen confidence in the reported effect sizes."
Your co-author's code: 847 lines of R with variable names like temp2, df_final_FINAL, and # TODO: fix this later.
The Workflow
Step 1: Understand the existing analysis
claude "Read analysis/main_analysis.R and explain:1. What statistical tests are being performed2. What the key results are3. Where I would need to modify to exclude specific sites4. Any concerns about the current approach Be specific about line numbers."Step 2: Create the sensitivity analysis
claude "Based on your understanding of main_analysis.R, create a new script sensitivity_analysis.R that: 1. Runs the original analysis (baseline)2. Re-runs excluding sites 3, 7, and 11 (incomplete temporal coverage)3. Performs bootstrap analysis (1000 iterations) on the main effect4. Generates a comparison table showing: - Original effect size and CI - Sensitivity analysis effect size and CI - Bootstrap effect size and CI Format the output table for easy copy-paste into Word.Add comments explaining each step for the reviewer."Step 3: Generate reviewer response
claude "Based on the sensitivity analysis results, draft a response to Reviewer 2:- Acknowledge their valid concern- Describe the sensitivity analysis approach- Present the results (effect sizes remained significant)- Reference the new supplementary table Use academic tone but be concise."Result
**Response to Reviewer 2, Comment 3:** We thank the reviewer for this suggestion to test robustness. We conducteda sensitivity analysis excluding sites 3, 7, and 11 (those with <80% temporalcoverage). The main effect remained significant (β = 0.34, 95% CI [0.21, 0.47],p < 0.001), compared to the full dataset (β = 0.31, 95% CI [0.19, 0.43]). Additionally, we performed bootstrap analysis (n = 1,000 iterations) whichyielded consistent estimates (β = 0.32, 95% CI [0.20, 0.44]). These resultsare presented in new Supplementary Table S4. We have added a statement regarding robustness to the Results section(lines 234-238).Case Study 3: Inheriting a Grad Student's Code
Scenario: Your grad student defended and left. Now you need to re-run their analysis for a follow-up paper. The code "worked on their laptop."
The Problem
- Code references absolute paths (
/Users/alex/Desktop/thesis/...) - Missing dependency versions ("it just needs pandas")
- Cryptic error:
KeyError: 'treatment_group' - No documentation
The Workflow
Step 1: Forensic analysis
claude "Analyze the code in legacy_analysis/:1. List all Python files and their apparent purpose2. Identify all dependencies being imported3. Find all hardcoded paths that need updating4. Identify where 'treatment_group' should come from5. Create a dependency list with likely version requirements Be thorough—I need to get this running without the original author."Step 2: Create reproducible environment
claude "Based on your analysis:1. Create a requirements.txt with pinned versions2. Create a setup script that: - Sets up a virtual environment - Installs dependencies - Creates necessary directories3. Update all hardcoded paths to use relative paths or config file4. Add the missing 'treatment_group' column based on the data patterns you see"Step 3: Document for posterity
claude "Create documentation for this project:1. README.md explaining what the analysis does2. Add docstrings to all functions3. Create a flowchart of the analysis pipeline4. Add inline comments for non-obvious code This needs to be understandable by the next grad student."Case Study 4: Multi-Author Analysis Integration
Scenario: Three co-authors analyzed different aspects of the same dataset. One used R, one used Python, one used Stata. You need to integrate their results.
The Problem
Author 1 (R/tidyverse): Descriptive statistics, demographic analysisAuthor 2 (Python/statsmodels): Main regression modelsAuthor 3 (Stata): Robustness checks, instrumental variables All analyzing: survey_data_2024.csvOutput formats: .rds, .pkl, .dtaThe Workflow
Step 1: Standardize outputs
claude "I have analysis outputs in three formats:- author1_results/ contains .rds files (R)- author2_results/ contains .pkl files (Python)- author3_results/ contains .dta files (Stata) Create a script that:1. Reads all result files2. Extracts key statistics (coefficients, SEs, p-values, CIs)3. Standardizes to a common format4. Outputs a combined results table Handle the different statistical object structures appropriately."Step 2: Create master results table
claude "Using the standardized results, create:1. A master regression table (Table 2 format) combining all models2. Export as: - LaTeX (for manuscript) - Word-compatible format (for co-authors who don't use LaTeX) - CSV (for supplementary materials) Use APA formatting for statistics."Step 3: Verify consistency
claude "Cross-check the three analyses:1. Do sample sizes match where they should?2. Are baseline descriptives consistent?3. Flag any discrepancies between authors' results4. Create a verification report I can share with co-authors"Case Study 5: BCO-DMO Data Documentation
Scenario: NSF requires you to submit your data to BCO-DMO. You need comprehensive metadata documentation.
The Workflow
claude "I need to prepare my dataset for BCO-DMO submission. Read data/coral_survey_2024.csv and create: 1. A data dictionary with: - Variable names - Data types - Units - Allowed values/ranges - Missing value codes - Collection methods (I'll fill these in) 2. Methods documentation covering: - Sampling design - Data collection protocols - Quality control procedures - Known limitations 3. A README following BCO-DMO guidelines Format everything in their required template structure."Quick Reference: Research Prompts That Work
Data Cleaning
"Read [file] and identify data quality issues. For each issue, suggest a fix and explain the tradeoff."Statistical Analysis
"Run [specific test] on [variables] and interpret the results as I would for a Methods section. Include effect sizes."Visualization
"Create a [plot type] suitable for [journal]. Use [specific style guide] formatting. Make it colorblind-accessible."Code Documentation
"Add documentation to [file] that would let a new grad student understand and modify it. Include example usage."Reviewer Response
"Based on [analysis results], draft a response to this reviewer comment: [paste comment]. Be diplomatic but defend our approach where appropriate."What These Cases Have in Common
- Real deadlines — Not "exploring data for fun" but "reviewer response due Friday"
- Messy inputs — Data and code are never as clean as tutorials assume
- Audit trails — Academic work requires documentation of every decision
- Multiple formats — Journals want LaTeX, co-authors want Word, repos want Markdown
- Reproducibility — Someone else needs to run this code in 5 years
Next Steps
- Research Limitations & When Not to Use Claude Code — Honest assessment for skeptical PIs
- Collaboration Workflows — Working with co-authors and students
- First 30 Minutes Exercise — Try it with your own data